Inverse Trig Identity C743Cc
1. **Problem statement:** Prove that $$\sin^{-1} \frac{3}{5} + \frac{1}{2} \cos^{-1} \frac{5}{13} - \cot^{-1} 2 = \tan^{-1} \frac{28}{29}$$.
2. **Recall formulas and identities:**
- Inverse sine and cosine are related by $$\sin^{-1} x + \cos^{-1} x = \frac{\pi}{2}$$.
- Half-angle formulas and sum/difference formulas for inverse trigonometric functions.
- Relationship between $$\cot^{-1} x$$ and $$\tan^{-1} x$$: $$\cot^{-1} x = \tan^{-1} \frac{1}{x}$$.
3. **Evaluate each term:**
- Let $$A = \sin^{-1} \frac{3}{5}$$.
- Let $$B = \cos^{-1} \frac{5}{13}$$.
4. **Calculate $$\sin A$$ and $$\cos A$$:**
- Given $$\sin A = \frac{3}{5}$$, so $$\cos A = \sqrt{1 - \left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^2} = \frac{4}{5}$$.
5. **Calculate $$\cos B$$ and $$\sin B$$:**
- Given $$\cos B = \frac{5}{13}$$, so $$\sin B = \sqrt{1 - \left(\frac{5}{13}\right)^2} = \frac{12}{13}$$.
6. **Express $$\frac{1}{2} B$$ as $$\frac{1}{2} \cos^{-1} \frac{5}{13}$$:**
- Use half-angle formula for cosine:
$$\cos \frac{B}{2} = \sqrt{\frac{1 + \cos B}{2}} = \sqrt{\frac{1 + \frac{5}{13}}{2}} = \sqrt{\frac{\frac{18}{13}}{2}} = \sqrt{\frac{9}{13}} = \frac{3}{\sqrt{13}}$$.
- Use half-angle formula for sine:
$$\sin \frac{B}{2} = \sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos B}{2}} = \sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{5}{13}}{2}} = \sqrt{\frac{\frac{8}{13}}{2}} = \sqrt{\frac{4}{13}} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}$$.
7. **Calculate $$\sin \left( A + \frac{B}{2} \right)$$ and $$\cos \left( A + \frac{B}{2} \right)$$:**
- Using sum formulas:
$$\sin \left( A + \frac{B}{2} \right) = \sin A \cos \frac{B}{2} + \cos A \sin \frac{B}{2} = \frac{3}{5} \cdot \frac{3}{\sqrt{13}} + \frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}} = \frac{9}{5\sqrt{13}} + \frac{8}{5\sqrt{13}} = \frac{17}{5\sqrt{13}}$$.
$$\cos \left( A + \frac{B}{2} \right) = \cos A \cos \frac{B}{2} - \sin A \sin \frac{B}{2} = \frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{3}{\sqrt{13}} - \frac{3}{5} \cdot \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}} = \frac{12}{5\sqrt{13}} - \frac{6}{5\sqrt{13}} = \frac{6}{5\sqrt{13}}$$.
8. **Calculate $$\tan \left( A + \frac{B}{2} \right)$$:**
$$\tan \left( A + \frac{B}{2} \right) = \frac{\sin \left( A + \frac{B}{2} \right)}{\cos \left( A + \frac{B}{2} \right)} = \frac{\frac{17}{5\sqrt{13}}}{\frac{6}{5\sqrt{13}}} = \frac{17}{6}$$.
9. **Rewrite the original expression:**
$$\sin^{-1} \frac{3}{5} + \frac{1}{2} \cos^{-1} \frac{5}{13} - \cot^{-1} 2 = \left( A + \frac{B}{2} \right) - \cot^{-1} 2$$.
10. **Express $$\cot^{-1} 2$$ as $$\tan^{-1} \frac{1}{2}$$:**
$$\cot^{-1} 2 = \tan^{-1} \frac{1}{2}$$.
11. **Use the formula for difference of arctangents:**
$$\tan^{-1} x - \tan^{-1} y = \tan^{-1} \frac{x - y}{1 + xy}$$.
12. **Apply to our values:**
$$x = \frac{17}{6}, y = \frac{1}{2}$$
$$\tan^{-1} \frac{17}{6} - \tan^{-1} \frac{1}{2} = \tan^{-1} \frac{\frac{17}{6} - \frac{1}{2}}{1 + \frac{17}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} = \tan^{-1} \frac{\frac{17}{6} - \frac{3}{6}}{1 + \frac{17}{12}} = \tan^{-1} \frac{\frac{14}{6}}{\frac{29}{12}} = \tan^{-1} \frac{14}{6} \cdot \frac{12}{29} = \tan^{-1} \frac{168}{174} = \tan^{-1} \frac{28}{29}$$.
13. **Conclusion:**
We have shown that
$$\sin^{-1} \frac{3}{5} + \frac{1}{2} \cos^{-1} \frac{5}{13} - \cot^{-1} 2 = \tan^{-1} \frac{28}{29}$$
which completes the proof.