1. The problem asks to determine whether the scenario involves Descriptive or Inferential Statistics. 2. Descriptive Statistics involves summarizing or describing data from a population or sample. 3. Inferential Statistics involves making conclusions or predictions about a population based on sample data. 4. For each scenario: 1. Survey of all employees' work arrangement preferences (55% hybrid, 30% remote, 15% on-site) involves the entire population, so this is Descriptive Statistics. 2. Scientist tests medication effectiveness on a sample of 150 patients and generalizes to the population, so this is Inferential Statistics. 3. Barangay official checks all households' tax payment status and reports 85%, involving the entire population, so this is Descriptive Statistics. 4. School administrator estimates average allowance using a sample of 500 students to infer about all students, so this is Inferential Statistics. 5. HR department summarizes age, gender, years of service of all employees, so this is Descriptive Statistics. 5. Next, classify each variable as Categorical (A), Discrete Numerical (B), or Continuous Numerical (C): 6. Number of children in a household: Discrete Numerical (B) 7. Blood type of a person: Categorical (A) 8. Height of students in centimeters: Continuous Numerical (C) 9. Type of transportation used: Categorical (A) 10. Number of books borrowed last week: Discrete Numerical (B) 11. Time spent studying each day: Continuous Numerical (C) 12. Educational attainment: Categorical (A) 13. Monthly electricity consumption in kWh: Continuous Numerical (C) 14. Age of employees in years: Continuous Numerical (C) 15. Favorite genre of music: Categorical (A) 6. Finally, identify the measurement scale for each variable: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, or Ratio: 16. Level of agreement (Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, Strongly Disagree): Ordinal (order matters) 17. Temperature in Celsius: Interval (differences meaningful, no true zero) 18. Marital status: Nominal (categories without order) 19. Annual income: Ratio (true zero exists) 20. Student ranking in contest: Ordinal (rank order) 21. Number of cars owned: Ratio (count with true zero) 22. Blood type: Nominal (categories) 23. Distance traveled: Ratio (true zero and meaningful ratios) 24. IQ score: Interval (differences meaningful, no true zero) 25. Educational attainment: Ordinal (ordered categories) Final answers: A. 1. Descriptive Statistics 2. Inferential Statistics 3. Descriptive Statistics 4. Inferential Statistics 5. Descriptive Statistics B. 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. A C. 16. Ordinal 17. Interval 18. Nominal 19. Ratio 20. Ordinal 21. Ratio 22. Nominal 23. Ratio 24. Interval 25. Ordinal