1. The null hypothesis, denoted as $H_0$, typically states the status quo or a statement of no effect. Here, it is given as $p \leq 0.61$. 2. The alternative hypothesis, denoted as $H_a$, is what the researcher wants to prove or the opposite of the null hypothesis; here it is $p > 0.61$. 3. This means the researcher believes the true proportion $p$ is greater than 0.61. 4. Let's analyze the options: - Option 1 states the study claims at least 61% study less than 5 hours but the researcher wants to show fewer than 61%. This corresponds to $H_0: p \geq 0.61$, $H_a: p < 0.61$, which is opposite to what we want. - Option 2 states the study claims more than 61%, researcher wants to show at least 61% which do not match $p \leq 0.61$ null hypothesis. - Option 3 states the study claims at most 61% (i.e. $p \leq 0.61$) and researcher thinks it's incorrect and wants to show more than 61% (i.e. $p > 0.61$). This exactly matches $H_0: p \leq 0.61$ and $H_a: p > 0.61$. - Option 4 states study claims less than 61%, researcher wants to show more than 61%, which corresponds to $H_0: p < 0.61$, not $p \leq 0.61$. Final answer: The correct choice is Option 3.