1. **Problem statement:** We have candy bar weights normally distributed with mean $\mu=8.3$ ounces and standard deviation $\sigma=0.125$ ounces. 2. **Formula and rules:** To find proportions for normal distributions, we use the standard normal variable $Z=\frac{X-\mu}{\sigma}$. 3. **Part a) Proportion weighing less than 8.5 ounces:** Calculate $Z$ for $X=8.5$: $$Z=\frac{8.5-8.3}{0.125}=\frac{0.2}{0.125}=1.6$$ Using standard normal tables or a calculator, $P(Z<1.6)\approx 0.9452$. 4. **Part b) Proportion weighing more than 8.5 ounces:** This is $P(X>8.5)=1-P(X<8.5)=1-P(Z<1.6)=1-0.9452=0.0548$. --- 5. **Problem statement:** Raw scores on a subtest are normally distributed with mean $\mu=35$ and standard deviation $\sigma=6$. 6. **Formula and rules:** To find the value at a given percentile $p$, find $Z_p$ such that $P(Z