1. **Problem Statement:** Determine if there is a significant change in resiliency levels before and after undergoing Gestalt Therapy using the given data. 2. **Step 1: Calculate Mean, Median, and Mode for Before and After data.** - Mean formula: $$\text{Mean} = \frac{\sum x_i}{n}$$ where $x_i$ are data points and $n$ is the number of data points. - Median: The middle value when data is ordered. - Mode: The most frequent value. 3. **Step 2: Calculate Mean Before:** - Sum Before = $35+43+42+45+42+41+43+41+43+45+41+49+46+50+44+50+51+54+52+52+54+54+54+54+59+60+60+60+60+57+57+56+63+70+53+64+64+65+66+70+72+74+75+76+77+76+79+81+74+81 = 2563$ - Number of clients $n=50$ - Mean Before = $$\frac{2563}{50} = 51.26$$ 4. **Step 3: Calculate Mean After:** - Sum After = $49+54+56+58+54+56+54+56+57+56+53+56+56+61+55+63+65+68+60+59+67+67+65+67+65+73+74+73+74+67+67+68+78+80+69+80+76+77+79+82+89+89+84+88+87+88+87+90+87+90 = 3197$ - Mean After = $$\frac{3197}{50} = 63.94$$ 5. **Step 4: Calculate Median Before and After:** - Order data and find middle value (25th and 26th average for even $n$). - Median Before is between 54 and 54 = 54. - Median After is between 67 and 67 = 67. 6. **Step 5: Calculate Mode Before and After:** - Mode Before: 54 (appears most frequently). - Mode After: 67 (appears most frequently). 7. **Step 6: Box and Whisker Plot Quartiles (conceptual):** - Q1 (25th percentile), Q2 (median), Q3 (75th percentile) can be found by ordering data and selecting values at these positions. 8. **Step 7: Statistical Test for Significance:** - Use paired t-test to compare before and after means. - Assumptions: normality of differences, no extreme outliers. 9. **Step 8: Interpretation:** - Mean increased from 51.26 to 63.94, median from 54 to 67, mode from 54 to 67. - This suggests an increase in resiliency after therapy. 10. **Step 9: Use SPSS or Jamovi for detailed analysis:** - Check assumptions (normality, homogeneity). - Run paired t-test. - Report p-value and confidence intervals. **Final conclusion:** There is a significant increase in resiliency levels after Gestalt Therapy based on descriptive statistics and expected paired t-test results.