1. **State the problem:** We are given the ingredients to make 8 pancakes: - 250 ml milk - 1 egg - 140 g flour - 5 g butter We need to find: a) How much milk Simon needs to make 4 pancakes. b) How much butter Craig needs to make 12 pancakes. 2. **Calculate milk for 4 pancakes:** Since 250 ml milk is for 8 pancakes, the milk per pancake is: $$\frac{250}{8} = 31.25 \text{ ml per pancake}$$ For 4 pancakes: $$31.25 \times 4 = 125 \text{ ml}$$ Simon needs 125 ml of milk. 3. **Calculate butter for 12 pancakes:** Butter per pancake is: $$\frac{5}{8} = 0.625 \text{ g per pancake}$$ For 12 pancakes: $$0.625 \times 12 = 7.5 \text{ g}$$ Craig needs 7.5 g of butter. **Final answers:** - Milk needed for 4 pancakes: 125 ml - Butter needed for 12 pancakes: 7.5 g