1. The problem is to understand the definitions of two important concepts in process control: dead time and self-regulation. 2. Dead time, also called transportation lag or time delay, is the delay between when a controller output changes and when the effect of that change first appears in the measured process variable. 3. It is denoted by $\tau_d$ or represented as a pure time delay term $e^{-\tau_d s}$ in the process transfer function. 4. For example, in a long pipeline, fluid takes time to travel from the valve to the sensor, causing dead time. 5. Dead time is challenging to control because the process does not respond immediately to changes. 6. Self-regulation means a process can settle to a new steady-state value after a disturbance or input change without external control action. 7. This means the process variable stabilizes on its own, even in open loop conditions. 8. Understanding these concepts helps in designing effective control systems that can handle delays and maintain stability. Final answer: Dead time is the inherent delay before a process responds to control changes, and self-regulation is the process's ability to reach a new steady state without external control.