1. The problem: You requested all the key formulas for BGCSE Physics. 2. Physics covers various topics; here are essential formulas grouped by topic: **Mechanics:** - Velocity: $v = \frac{d}{t}$ where $d$ is displacement and $t$ is time. - Acceleration: $a = \frac{\Delta v}{t}$ where $\Delta v$ is change in velocity. - Force: $F = ma$ where $m$ is mass and $a$ is acceleration. - Weight: $W = mg$ where $g$ is acceleration due to gravity. - Work done: $W = Fd \cos\theta$ where $\theta$ is angle between force and displacement. - Kinetic energy: $KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$. - Potential energy: $PE = mgh$. - Power: $P = \frac{W}{t}$. **Waves and Sound:** - Wave speed: $v = f\lambda$ where $f$ is frequency and $\lambda$ is wavelength. **Electricity:** - Ohm's Law: $V = IR$ where $V$ is voltage, $I$ current, $R$ resistance. - Electrical power: $P = VI = I^2R = \frac{V^2}{R}$. - Energy: $E = Pt$. **Thermal Physics:** - Specific heat capacity: $Q = mc\Delta T$ where $Q$ is heat energy, $m$ mass, $c$ specific heat capacity, $\Delta T$ temperature change. **Important rules:** - Units must be consistent. - Scalars have magnitude only; vectors have magnitude and direction. - Use correct formulas for the context. 3. These formulas form the foundation for solving BGCSE Physics problems. 4. For detailed application, each formula can be expanded with examples and problem-solving steps. 5. Remember to always analyze the problem, identify knowns and unknowns, select the right formula, and solve step-by-step. This summary covers the main formulas you need for BGCSE Physics.