1. The problem asks us to identify the long and short vowel sounds in pairs of words. 2. Important rule: Short vowel sounds are typically shorter and more clipped, while long vowel sounds are pronounced the same as the letter name and held longer. 3. Analyze each pair: - a. sin (short i) / seen (long e) - b. ship (short i) / sheep (long e) - c. lives (short i) / leaves (long e) - d. rich (short i) / reach (long e) - e. sick (short i) / seek (long e) - f. fill (short i) / feel (long e) - g. full (short u) / fool (long u) - h. sit (short i) / seat (long e) 4. Explanation: In each pair, the first word contains a short vowel sound, and the second word contains a long vowel sound. The long vowel sounds correspond to the vowel's name, while the short vowel sounds are shorter and different in quality. Final answer: The first word in each pair has a short vowel sound, and the second word has a long vowel sound.