Subjects partial differential equations

Pde Separation Ffc519

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Pde Separation Ffc519


1. **Problem statement:** Solve the PDE $$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial t^2} = \frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2} + \sin(2x + 2t)$$ with boundary conditions $$u(0,t) = 0, \quad u(\pi,t) = 1$$ and initial conditions $$u(x,0) = \alpha(x), \quad u_t(x,0) = \beta(x).$$ 2. **Method:** Use separation of variables and superposition. Write $$u(x,t) = v(x,t) + w(x,t)$$ where $$v$$ solves the homogeneous PDE $$v_{tt} = v_{xx}$$ with boundary conditions $$v(0,t) = 0, v(\pi,t) = 0,$$ and $$w$$ is a particular solution to the nonhomogeneous PDE. 3. **Step 1: Solve for the particular solution $$w$$.** Assume $$w(x,t) = A \cos(2x + 2t) + B \sin(2x + 2t)$$. Compute derivatives: $$w_{tt} = -4A \cos(2x + 2t) - 4B \sin(2x + 2t),$$ $$w_{xx} = -4A \cos(2x + 2t) - 4B \sin(2x + 2t).$$ Substitute into PDE: $$w_{tt} = w_{xx} + \sin(2x + 2t) \implies -4A \cos(2x + 2t) - 4B \sin(2x + 2t) = -4A \cos(2x + 2t) - 4B \sin(2x + 2t) + \sin(2x + 2t).$$ Simplify: $$0 = \sin(2x + 2t) \implies$$ no solution with this form. Try instead $$w(x,t) = C t \cos(2x + 2t) + D t \sin(2x + 2t)$$ or use variation of parameters. 4. **Step 2: Solve the homogeneous problem for $$v$$.** Use separation of variables: Assume $$v(x,t) = X(x)T(t)$$. Then $$X'' + \lambda X = 0$$ with $$X(0) = 0, X(\pi) = 0$$, so $$X_n = \sin(nx), \lambda_n = n^2$$. The time equation is $$T'' + n^2 T = 0$$ with general solution $$T_n = A_n \cos(nt) + B_n \sin(nt).$$ 5. **Step 3: Write the general solution:** $$v(x,t) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \left(A_n \cos(nt) + B_n \sin(nt)\right) \sin(nx).$$ 6. **Step 4: Apply initial conditions to find coefficients:** $$u(x,0) = v(x,0) + w(x,0) = \alpha(x),$$ $$u_t(x,0) = v_t(x,0) + w_t(x,0) = \beta(x).$$ Use Fourier sine series to find $$A_n, B_n$$. 7. **Step 5: Adjust for boundary condition $$u(\pi,t) = 1$$:** Since $$v(\pi,t) = 0$$, the nonhomogeneous boundary condition implies $$w(\pi,t) = 1$$. Choose $$w(x,t) = \frac{x}{\pi} + \tilde{w}(x,t)$$ where $$\tilde{w}$$ satisfies the PDE with homogeneous BCs. **Summary:** The solution is $$u(x,t) = \frac{x}{\pi} + \sum_{n=1}^\infty \left(A_n \cos(nt) + B_n \sin(nt)\right) \sin(nx) + w_p(x,t),$$ where $$w_p$$ is a particular solution to the PDE with zero BCs. This approach uses separation of variables and superposition to handle the nonhomogeneous PDE and boundary conditions. **Note:** The second PDE and its BCs/ICs are not solved here as per instructions to solve only the first problem.