Second Partials 28A566
1. **Problem Statement:** Given the function $$u = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}}$$, find the second partial derivatives $$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}$$ and $$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x \partial y}$$.
2. **Recall the function:** $$u = (x^2 + y^2)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$$.
3. **First, find the first partial derivative with respect to x:**
$$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = -\frac{1}{2} (x^2 + y^2)^{-\frac{3}{2}} \cdot 2x = -x (x^2 + y^2)^{-\frac{3}{2}}$$.
4. **Now, find the second partial derivative with respect to x:**
Using the product and chain rules,
$$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \left(-x (x^2 + y^2)^{-\frac{3}{2}}\right)$$
$$= - (x^2 + y^2)^{-\frac{3}{2}} + x \cdot \frac{3}{2} (x^2 + y^2)^{-\frac{5}{2}} \cdot 2x$$
$$= - (x^2 + y^2)^{-\frac{3}{2}} + 3x^2 (x^2 + y^2)^{-\frac{5}{2}}$$
$$= \frac{- (x^2 + y^2) + 3x^2}{(x^2 + y^2)^{\frac{5}{2}}} = \frac{2x^2 - y^2}{(x^2 + y^2)^{\frac{5}{2}}}$$.
5. **Next, find the mixed second partial derivative $$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x \partial y}$$:**
Start with the first partial derivative with respect to x:
$$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = -x (x^2 + y^2)^{-\frac{3}{2}}$$
Take the partial derivative with respect to y:
$$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x \partial y} = - \left[ (x^2 + y^2)^{-\frac{3}{2}} \cdot 0 + x \cdot \left(-\frac{3}{2}\right) (x^2 + y^2)^{-\frac{5}{2}} \cdot 2y \right]$$
$$= - x \cdot \left(-\frac{3}{2}\right) \cdot 2y (x^2 + y^2)^{-\frac{5}{2}} = 3xy (x^2 + y^2)^{-\frac{5}{2}}$$.
**Final answers:**
$$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2} = \frac{2x^2 - y^2}{(x^2 + y^2)^{\frac{5}{2}}}$$
$$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x \partial y} = \frac{3xy}{(x^2 + y^2)^{\frac{5}{2}}}$$