1. The problem asks us to determine the truth value of each biconditional statement. A biconditional "if and only if" statement $p \iff q$ is true if both $p$ and $q$ have the same truth value (both true or both false), and false otherwise. 2. For (a) $2 + 2 = 4 \iff 1 + 1 = 2$: - $2 + 2 = 4$ is true. - $1 + 1 = 2$ is true. - Both sides are true, so the biconditional is true. 3. For (b) $1 + 1 = 2 \iff 2 + 3 = 4$: - $1 + 1 = 2$ is true. - $2 + 3 = 4$ is false (since $2 + 3 = 5$). - One side is true and the other is false, so the biconditional is false. 4. For (c) $1 + 1 = 3 \iff$ monkeys can fly: - $1 + 1 = 3$ is false. - "Monkeys can fly" is false (in reality). - Both sides are false, so the biconditional is true. 5. For (d) $0 > 1 \iff 2 > 1$: - $0 > 1$ is false. - $2 > 1$ is true. - One side is false and the other is true, so the biconditional is false. Final answers: (a) True (b) False (c) True (d) False