1. **Problem Statement:** Differentiate between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and write the functions of each. 2. **Explanation:** The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls involuntary body functions and is divided into two main parts: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. 3. **Sympathetic Nervous System:** - Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' response. - Increases heart rate, dilates pupils, inhibits digestion, and releases adrenaline. 4. **Parasympathetic Nervous System:** - Responsible for 'rest and digest' activities. - Decreases heart rate, constricts pupils, stimulates digestion, and promotes energy storage. 5. **Key Differences:** | Feature | Sympathetic | Parasympathetic | |---------|-------------|-----------------| | Function | Prepares body for stress | Conserves energy and restores body | | Heart Rate | Increases | Decreases | | Pupils | Dilate | Constrict | | Digestion | Inhibited | Stimulated | 6. **Functions Summary:** - Sympathetic: Mobilizes energy, increases alertness. - Parasympathetic: Promotes relaxation, digestion, and recovery. This differentiation helps understand how the body maintains homeostasis under different conditions.