Smallest Angle
1. Stating the problem: We have a triangle ABC where the sides satisfy the relation $10a = 12c = 13b$. We need to find the smallest angle in the triangle.
2. Express the sides in terms of a common variable. Let $x = 10a = 12c = 13b$. Then:
$$a = \frac{x}{10}, \quad c = \frac{x}{12}, \quad b = \frac{x}{13}$$
3. Identify the smallest side to find the smallest angle. Since the sides are proportional to $\frac{x}{10}$, $\frac{x}{12}$, and $\frac{x}{13}$:
$$\frac{x}{13} < \frac{x}{12} < \frac{x}{10}$$
Thus, $b$ is the smallest side.
4. By the triangle property, the smallest angle is opposite the smallest side. So the smallest angle is $B$ opposite side $b$.
5. Use the Law of Cosines to find angle $B$:
$$\cos B = \frac{a^2 + c^2 - b^2}{2ac}$$
6. Substitute values:
$$a = \frac{x}{10}, c = \frac{x}{12}, b = \frac{x}{13}$$
Therefore:
$$\cos B = \frac{\left(\frac{x}{10}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{x}{12}\right)^2 - \left(\frac{x}{13}\right)^2}{2 \times \frac{x}{10} \times \frac{x}{12}}$$
Simplifying $x^2$ terms cancel:
$$\cos B = \frac{\frac{1}{100} + \frac{1}{144} - \frac{1}{169}}{2 \times \frac{1}{10} \times \frac{1}{12}}$$
Calculate numerator:
$$\frac{1}{100} + \frac{1}{144} = \frac{36}{3600} + \frac{25}{3600} = \frac{61}{3600}, \quad \frac{61}{3600} - \frac{1}{169}$$
Find common denominator $3600 \times 169 = 608400$:
$$\frac{61 \times 169}{608400} - \frac{3600}{608400} = \frac{10289 - 3600}{608400} = \frac{6689}{608400}$$
Denominator:
$$2 \times \frac{1}{10} \times \frac{1}{12} = \frac{2}{120} = \frac{1}{60}$$
Thus:
$$\cos B = \frac{6689/608400}{1/60} = \frac{6689}{608400} \times 60 = \frac{6689 \times 60}{608400} = \frac{401340}{608400} \approx 0.6597$$
7. Finally, find angle $B$:
$$B = \arccos(0.6597) \approx 48.8^\circ$$
8. This is the smallest angle of the triangle.
**Answer:** The smallest angle is approximately $48.8^\circ$.