Circle Hyperbola
1. **State the problem:**
We have a circle $C$ with center on the positive $x$-axis, tangent to the line $x - y + 1 = 0$, and cutting a chord of length $\frac{4}{\sqrt{13}}$ on the line $-3x + 2y = 1$. A hyperbola $H$ is defined by $\frac{x^2}{\alpha^2} - \frac{y^2}{\beta^2} = 1$, with one focus at the center of $C$ and transverse axis length equal to the diameter of $C$. We need to find $2\alpha^2 + 3\beta^2$.
2. **Find the center and radius of circle $C$:**
Let the center be $O = (a,0)$ with $a > 0$.
- The circle is tangent to the line $x - y + 1 = 0$. The distance from center to this line equals the radius $r$:
$$r = \frac{|a - 0 + 1|}{\sqrt{1^2 + (-1)^2}} = \frac{|a + 1|}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{a + 1}{\sqrt{2}}$$
(since $a > 0$, $a+1 > 0$).
3. **Use the chord length condition:**
The chord is cut on the line $-3x + 2y = 1$. Rewrite as $-3x + 2y - 1 = 0$.
- Distance from center to this line:
$$d = \frac{|-3a + 0 - 1|}{\sqrt{(-3)^2 + 2^2}} = \frac{| -3a - 1|}{\sqrt{13}} = \frac{3a + 1}{\sqrt{13}}$$
(again positive since $a > 0$).
- The chord length $l$ is related to radius and distance by:
$$l = 2\sqrt{r^2 - d^2} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{13}}$$
4. **Set up the equation for chord length:**
$$2\sqrt{r^2 - d^2} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{13}} \implies \sqrt{r^2 - d^2} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}$$
Square both sides:
$$r^2 - d^2 = \frac{4}{13}$$
5. **Substitute $r$ and $d$ expressions:**
$$\left(\frac{a+1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2 - \left(\frac{3a+1}{\sqrt{13}}\right)^2 = \frac{4}{13}$$
Simplify:
$$\frac{(a+1)^2}{2} - \frac{(3a+1)^2}{13} = \frac{4}{13}$$
Multiply both sides by $26$ (LCM of 2 and 13):
$$13(a+1)^2 - 2(3a+1)^2 = 8$$
6. **Expand and simplify:**
$$13(a^2 + 2a + 1) - 2(9a^2 + 6a + 1) = 8$$
$$13a^2 + 26a + 13 - 18a^2 - 12a - 2 = 8$$
$$-5a^2 + 14a + 11 = 8$$
$$-5a^2 + 14a + 3 = 0$$
Multiply by $-1$:
$$5a^2 - 14a - 3 = 0$$
7. **Solve quadratic for $a$:**
$$a = \frac{14 \pm \sqrt{14^2 - 4 \cdot 5 \cdot (-3)}}{2 \cdot 5} = \frac{14 \pm \sqrt{196 + 60}}{10} = \frac{14 \pm \sqrt{256}}{10} = \frac{14 \pm 16}{10}$$
- $a = \frac{14 + 16}{10} = 3$ (positive, valid)
- $a = \frac{14 - 16}{10} = -0.2$ (negative, discard)
So, $a = 3$.
8. **Find radius $r$:**
$$r = \frac{3 + 1}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{2}} = 2\sqrt{2}$$
9. **Hyperbola parameters:**
- Center of circle $C$ is at $(3,0)$, which is one focus of hyperbola $H$.
- The transverse axis length of $H$ equals the diameter of $C$, so:
$$2\alpha = 2r = 4\sqrt{2} \implies \alpha = 2\sqrt{2}$$
10. **Find $eta^2$ using focus formula:**
For hyperbola $\frac{x^2}{\alpha^2} - \frac{y^2}{\beta^2} = 1$, foci are at $(\pm c, 0)$ where
$$c^2 = \alpha^2 + \beta^2$$
Given one focus is at $(3,0)$, so $c = 3$.
Calculate $\alpha^2$:
$$\alpha^2 = (2\sqrt{2})^2 = 8$$
Then:
$$c^2 = 9 = \alpha^2 + \beta^2 = 8 + \beta^2 \implies \beta^2 = 1$$
11. **Calculate $2\alpha^2 + 3\beta^2$:**
$$2 \times 8 + 3 \times 1 = 16 + 3 = 19$$
**Final answer:**
$$\boxed{19}$$