1. The problem is to understand what latitude means in geography and how it is measured. 2. Latitude is the angular distance of a place north or south of the Earth's equator, measured in degrees ($^{\circ}$). 3. The formula to find the latitude of a point on Earth is based on the angle between the equatorial plane and the line from the center of the Earth to the point. 4. Important rules: - Latitude ranges from $0^{\circ}$ at the Equator to $90^{\circ}$ at the poles. - Northern latitudes are positive, southern latitudes are negative. 5. For example, if a location is $45^{\circ}$ north, it means it is $45^{\circ}$ above the equator towards the North Pole. 6. Latitude is used along with longitude to specify any location on Earth precisely. Final answer: Latitude is the angular measurement north or south of the equator, ranging from $-90^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$, used to locate positions on Earth.