1. Let's start by understanding the problem you want to solve. Please provide the first problem or concept you want me to explain. 2. Once you provide the problem, I will explain the relevant formulas and rules step-by-step. 3. I will show all intermediate steps with detailed explanations to help you understand. 4. After completing one problem, you can provide the next one, and I will explain it separately as requested. Please share the first problem or topic you want to start with.