Continuous Income Interest
1. **Problem statement:** We are given a continuous income stream with rate of flow $f(t) = 900 e^{-0.02 t}$, an interest rate of 7% compounded continuously, and a time period of 3 years. The future value (FV) of this income stream after 3 years is given as 2919. We need to compute the interest earned.
2. **Formula for future value of continuous income stream with continuous compounding:**
$$FV = \int_0^T f(t) e^{r(T - t)} dt$$
where $r$ is the continuous interest rate, $T$ is the total time, and $f(t)$ is the income rate at time $t$.
3. **Substitute given values:**
- $f(t) = 900 e^{-0.02 t}$
- $r = 0.07$
- $T = 3$
So,
$$FV = \int_0^3 900 e^{-0.02 t} e^{0.07 (3 - t)} dt = \int_0^3 900 e^{-0.02 t} e^{0.21 - 0.07 t} dt$$
4. **Simplify the exponent:**
$$e^{-0.02 t} e^{0.21 - 0.07 t} = e^{0.21 - 0.09 t}$$
5. **Rewrite the integral:**
$$FV = 900 e^{0.21} \int_0^3 e^{-0.09 t} dt$$
6. **Integrate:**
$$\int_0^3 e^{-0.09 t} dt = \left[-\frac{1}{0.09} e^{-0.09 t}\right]_0^3 = -\frac{1}{0.09} (e^{-0.27} - 1) = \frac{1 - e^{-0.27}}{0.09}$$
7. **Calculate the integral value:**
$$1 - e^{-0.27} \approx 1 - 0.7634 = 0.2366$$
So,
$$\int_0^3 e^{-0.09 t} dt \approx \frac{0.2366}{0.09} = 2.629$$
8. **Calculate the future value from the integral:**
$$FV = 900 e^{0.21} \times 2.629$$
Calculate $e^{0.21} \approx 1.2337$, so
$$FV \approx 900 \times 1.2337 \times 2.629 = 900 \times 3.243 = 2919$$
This matches the given future value, confirming our calculations.
9. **Calculate the total principal (sum of income without interest):**
The principal is the total income without interest, which is the integral of $f(t)$ from 0 to 3:
$$Principal = \int_0^3 900 e^{-0.02 t} dt = 900 \left[-\frac{1}{0.02} e^{-0.02 t}\right]_0^3 = 900 \times 50 (1 - e^{-0.06})$$
Calculate $e^{-0.06} \approx 0.9418$, so
$$Principal = 900 \times 50 \times (1 - 0.9418) = 900 \times 50 \times 0.0582 = 900 \times 2.91 = 2619$$
10. **Calculate interest earned:**
$$Interest = FV - Principal = 2919 - 2619 = 300$$
**Final answer:** The interest earned is **300**.