1. The problem: Understand the layout procedure for Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and how to make it. 2. CRD is a basic experimental design where all experimental units are assigned to treatments completely at random. 3. The formula or principle: Each treatment is randomly assigned to experimental units without any restrictions. 4. Important rules: - Treatments should be randomly allocated to avoid bias. - Each experimental unit receives exactly one treatment. - The number of replications per treatment should be decided based on the experiment's objective. 5. Steps to make a CRD layout: - Identify the number of treatments, say $t$. - Decide the number of replications per treatment, say $r$. - Total experimental units $N = t \times r$. - List all experimental units. - Randomly assign treatments to each experimental unit ensuring each treatment appears $r$ times. 6. Example: If you have 3 treatments ($t=3$) and 4 replications ($r=4$), total units $N=12$. - Label units 1 to 12. - Randomly assign treatments A, B, C each 4 times across units. 7. This randomization ensures that the effect of treatments can be tested without bias from other factors. 8. Summary: CRD layout is made by randomly assigning treatments to experimental units with equal replications, ensuring unbiased and simple experimental design.