1. The problem is to understand the developmental stages of teaching addition. 2. Addition is typically taught in stages to help learners build a strong foundation. 3. Stage 1: Concrete Stage - Use physical objects like blocks or counters to represent numbers and perform addition by combining groups. 4. Stage 2: Pictorial Stage - Use drawings or pictures to represent addition problems, helping learners visualize the process. 5. Stage 3: Abstract Stage - Introduce numerical symbols and equations, such as $3 + 2 = 5$, moving away from physical objects. 6. Stage 4: Mental Addition - Encourage learners to perform addition mentally using strategies like counting on or making ten. 7. Stage 5: Formal Algorithms - Teach standard written methods for addition, including carrying over digits in multi-digit addition. 8. Each stage builds on the previous one, ensuring conceptual understanding before moving to more abstract methods. 9. This progression supports learners in mastering addition effectively and confidently.