Nonlinear Differential Bb6369
1. **Stating the problem:** Solve the differential equation $$\frac{dy}{dx} - y = e^x y^2$$.
2. **Identify the type of equation:** This is a nonlinear first-order differential equation because of the $y^2$ term.
3. **Rewrite the equation:** Move all terms to one side:
$$\frac{dy}{dx} = y + e^x y^2$$
4. **Try substitution:** Let $v = \frac{1}{y}$, then $y = \frac{1}{v}$ and
$$\frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{1}{v^2} \frac{dv}{dx}$$
5. **Substitute into the equation:**
$$-\frac{1}{v^2} \frac{dv}{dx} = \frac{1}{v} + e^x \frac{1}{v^2}$$
6. **Multiply both sides by $-v^2$ to clear denominators:**
$$\frac{dv}{dx} = -v - e^x$$
7. **This is a linear first-order ODE in $v$:**
$$\frac{dv}{dx} + v = -e^x$$
8. **Find integrating factor:**
$$\mu(x) = e^{\int 1 dx} = e^x$$
9. **Multiply entire equation by $e^x$:**
$$e^x \frac{dv}{dx} + e^x v = -e^{2x}$$
10. **Left side is derivative of $v e^x$:**
$$\frac{d}{dx} (v e^x) = -e^{2x}$$
11. **Integrate both sides:**
$$v e^x = \int -e^{2x} dx = -\frac{1}{2} e^{2x} + C$$
12. **Solve for $v$:**
$$v = -\frac{1}{2} e^x + C e^{-x}$$
13. **Recall $v = \frac{1}{y}$, so:**
$$\frac{1}{y} = -\frac{1}{2} e^x + C e^{-x}$$
14. **Final solution:**
$$y = \frac{1}{C e^{-x} - \frac{1}{2} e^x}$$
This is the implicit general solution to the original differential equation.