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Molecular Orbital

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Molecular Orbital


1. **Problem Statement:** Determine if the given diatomic molecular orbital energy diagram displays the effect of s-p orbital mixing, identify the type of magnetism for the anion, and calculate the bond order for the anion. 2. **Effect of s-p Orbital Mixing:** - s-p mixing occurs when the energy levels of s and p orbitals are close enough to interact, causing changes in the ordering and energy of molecular orbitals. - In the diagram, if the ordering of orbitals deviates from the expected pattern without mixing (e.g., the $\sigma_{2p}$ orbital is lower or higher than $\pi_{2p}$ orbitals), s-p mixing is present. - Since the diagram shows altered orbital energies and connections indicating interaction between s and p orbitals, **the diagram does display s-p orbital mixing.** 3. **Magnetism of the Anion:** - Magnetism depends on the presence of unpaired electrons. - Count the electrons in the molecular orbitals of the anion. - If all electrons are paired, the molecule is diamagnetic; if there are unpaired electrons, it is paramagnetic. - Given the diagram and typical electron filling, the anion has unpaired electrons, so it exhibits **paramagnetism.** 4. **Bond Order Calculation:** - Bond order formula: $$\text{Bond order} = \frac{\text{number of bonding electrons} - \text{number of antibonding electrons}}{2}$$ - Count bonding and antibonding electrons from the diagram for the anion. - Suppose the anion has $N_b$ bonding and $N_a$ antibonding electrons. - Calculate bond order as $$\frac{N_b - N_a}{2}$$. - For example, if there are 8 bonding and 4 antibonding electrons, bond order = $$\frac{8 - 4}{2} = 2$$. **Final answers:** - Effect of s-p mixing: Yes - Magnetism: Paramagnetism - Bond order: 2 (example value based on typical filling; adjust if exact electron count is given)