Water Flow
1. **State the problem:** We need to find the total amount of water that flows out of the faucet during the first two minutes. The flow rate is given by the function $$v(t) = t^3 - \frac{1}{2}t^2 + 4$$ gallons per minute, where $t$ is the time in minutes.
2. **Set up the integral:** The total volume of water that flows out from $t=0$ to $t=2$ is the definite integral
$$\int_0^2 v(t) \, dt = \int_0^2 \left(t^3 - \frac{1}{2}t^2 + 4\right) dt.$$
3. **Integrate the function:**
$$\int \left(t^3 - \frac{1}{2}t^2 + 4\right) dt = \frac{t^4}{4} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{t^3}{3} + 4t + C = \frac{t^4}{4} - \frac{t^3}{6} + 4t + C.$$
4. **Evaluate the definite integral:**
Calculate at the upper limit $t=2$:
$$\frac{2^4}{4} - \frac{2^3}{6} + 4 \cdot 2 = \frac{16}{4} - \frac{8}{6} + 8 = 4 - \frac{4}{3} + 8 = 12 - \frac{4}{3} = \frac{36}{3} - \frac{4}{3} = \frac{32}{3} \approx 10.67.$$
Calculate at the lower limit $t=0$:
$$\frac{0^4}{4} - \frac{0^3}{6} + 4 \cdot 0 = 0.$$
5. **Find the total volume:**
$$\int_0^2 v(t) dt = \frac{32}{3} - 0 = \frac{32}{3} \approx 10.67$$ gallons.
6. **Round to the nearest gallon:**
$$10.67 \approx 11$$ gallons.
7. **Compare with the options:** The closest option is d. 10 2/3 gallons, which is exactly $\frac{32}{3}$ gallons.
**Final answer:** d. 10 2/3 gallons.