Partial Derivatives Limits
1. **Problem:** Evaluate $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(0,\ln 2)} e^{x-y}$$
Step 1: Substitute $x=0$ and $y=\ln 2$ directly since exponential is continuous.
Step 2: Compute exponent: $$0 - \ln 2 = -\ln 2$$
Step 3: Evaluate exponential: $$e^{-\ln 2} = \frac{1}{e^{\ln 2}} = \frac{1}{2}$$
Answer: $$\boxed{\frac{1}{2}}$$
2. **Problem:** Evaluate $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(1,1)} \ln|1 + x^2 y^2|$$
Step 1: Substitute $x=1$, $y=1$.
Step 2: Compute inside logarithm: $$1 + (1)^2(1)^2 = 1 + 1 = 2$$
Step 3: Take natural log: $$\ln 2$$
Answer: $$\boxed{\ln 2}$$
3. **Problem:** Evaluate $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(0,0)} \frac{e^y \sin x}{x}$$
Step 1: Consider limit as $(x,y)\to(0,0)$.
Step 2: Since $\sin x / x \to 1$ as $x \to 0$, and $e^y \to 1$ as $y \to 0$,
Step 3: Combine limits: $$\lim e^y \cdot \lim \frac{\sin x}{x} = 1 \cdot 1 = 1$$
Answer: $$\boxed{1}$$
4. **Problem:** Evaluate $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(\frac{1}{2},7)} \cos \sqrt[3]{xy}$$
Step 1: Substitute $x=1/2$, $y=7$.
Step 2: Compute cube root term: $$\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2} \times 7} = \sqrt[3]{\frac{7}{2}}$$
Step 3: Evaluate cosine: $$\cos \left( \sqrt[3]{\frac{7}{2}} \right)$$
Answer: $$\boxed{\cos \left( \sqrt[3]{\frac{7}{2}} \right)}$$
5. **Problem:** Evaluate $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(1, \frac{\pi}{6})} \frac{x \sin y}{x^2 +1}$$
Step 1: Substitute $x=1$, $y=\frac{\pi}{6}$.
Step 2: Compute numerator: $$1 \times \sin \frac{\pi}{6} = \frac{1}{2}$$
Step 3: Compute denominator: $$1^2 + 1 = 2$$
Step 4: Evaluate fraction: $$\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{2} = \frac{1}{4}$$
Answer: $$\boxed{\frac{1}{4}}$$
6. **Problem:** Evaluate $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(\frac{\pi}{2}, 0)} \frac{\cos y +1}{y - \sin x}$$
Step 1: Substitute $x=\frac{\pi}{2}$ and $y=0$.
Step 2: Numerator: $$\cos 0 + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2$$
Step 3: Denominator: $$0 - \sin \frac{\pi}{2} = 0 - 1 = -1$$
Step 4: Compute limit: $$\frac{2}{-1} = -2$$
Answer: $$\boxed{-2}$$
13. **Problem:** $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(1,1), x \neq y} \frac{x^2 - 2xy + y^2}{x - y}$$
Step 1: Recognize numerator as perfect square:
$$x^2 - 2xy + y^2 = (x - y)^2$$
Step 2: Simplify:
$$\frac{(x - y)^2}{x - y} = x - y$$
Step 3: Take limit:
$$(1) - (1) = 0$$
Answer: $$\boxed{0}$$
14. **Problem:** $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(1,1), x \neq y} \frac{x^2 - y^2}{x - y}$$
Step 1: Factor numerator:
$$x^2 - y^2 = (x - y)(x + y)$$
Step 2: Simplify:
$$\frac{(x - y)(x + y)}{x - y} = x + y$$
Step 3: Evaluate limit:
$$1 + 1 = 2$$
Answer: $$\boxed{2}$$
15. **Problem:** $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(1,1), x\neq1} \frac{xy - y - 2x + 2}{x - 1}$$
Step 1: Factor numerator grouping:
$$xy - y - 2x + 2 = y(x - 1) - 2(x - 1) = (x - 1)(y - 2)$$
Step 2: Simplify:
$$\frac{(x - 1)(y - 2)}{x - 1} = y - 2$$
Step 3: Evaluate limit:
$$1 - 2 = -1$$
Answer: $$\boxed{-1}$$
16. **Problem:** $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(2,4), x \neq 4, x \neq x^2} \frac{y + 4}{x^2 y - xy + 4x^2 - 4x}$$
Step 1: Factor denominator terms by grouping:
$$x^2 y - xy + 4x^2 - 4x = xy(x - 1) + 4x(x - 1) = (x - 1)(xy + 4x) = x(x - 1)(y + 4)$$
Step 2: Expression simplifies to:
$$\frac{y + 4}{x(x - 1)(y + 4)} = \frac{1}{x(x - 1)}$$
Step 3: Substitute $x=2$:
$$\frac{1}{2(2 - 1)} = \frac{1}{2}$$
Answer: $$\boxed{\frac{1}{2}}$$
17. **Problem:** $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(0,0), x \neq y} \frac{x - y + 2\sqrt{x} - 2\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{y}}$$
Step 1: Rewrite numerator:
$$x - y + 2\sqrt{x} - 2\sqrt{y} = (x - y) + 2(\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{y})$$
Step 2: Express $x - y$ in terms of $\sqrt{x}, \sqrt{y}$:
$$x - y = (\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{y})(\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{y})$$
Step 3: Substitute:
$$\frac{(\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{y})(\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{y}) + 2(\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{y})}{\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{y}}$$
Step 4: Factor numerator:
$$(\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{y})(\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{y} + 2)$$
Step 5: Simplify expression:
$$\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{y} + 2$$
Step 6: Take limit as $(x,y)\to(0,0)$:
$$0 + 0 + 2 = 2$$
Answer: $$\boxed{2}$$
18. **Problem:** $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(2,2), x+y\neq4} \frac{x + y -4}{\sqrt{x} + y -2}$$
Step 1: At $(2,2)$ numerator is 0; denominator is:
$$\sqrt{2} + 2 - 2 = \sqrt{2}$$
Step 2: Since denominator $\neq 0$, the fraction goes to:
$$\frac{0}{\sqrt{2}} = 0$$
Answer: $$\boxed{0}$$
19. **Problem:** $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(2,0), 2x - y \neq 4} \frac{\sqrt{2x} - y - 2}{2x - y - 4}$$
Step 1: Substitute $(2,0)$:
Numerator:
$$\sqrt{4} - 0 - 2 = 2 - 2 = 0$$
Denominator:
$$4 - 0 - 4 = 0$$
Step 2: Indeterminate form; apply algebra.
Step 3: Set $a=\sqrt{2x}$, rewrite numerator and denominator:
Numerator: $$a - y - 2$$
Denominator: $$2x - y - 4 = (a)^2 - y - 4$$
Step 4: Since $a^2 - y -4 = (a - 2)(a + 2) - y$
But better approach: Consider approach along $y=0$, then
Limit becomes:
$$\lim_{x\to2} \frac{\sqrt{2x} - 2}{2x - 4} = \lim_{x \to 2} \frac{\sqrt{2x} - 2}{2(x - 2)}$$
Step 5: Use substitution $u = 2x$:
$$\lim_{u \to 4} \frac{\sqrt{u} - 2}{2(\frac{u}{2} - 2)} = \lim_{u \to 4} \frac{\sqrt{u} - 2}{u - 4}$$
Step 6: Multiply numerator and denominator by conjugate:
$$ \frac{\sqrt{u} - 2}{u - 4} \times \frac{\sqrt{u} + 2}{\sqrt{u} + 2} = \frac{u - 4}{(u - 4)(\sqrt{u} + 2)} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{u} + 2}$$
Step 7: Substitute $u=4$:
$$ \frac{1}{2 + 2} = \frac{1}{4}$$
Answer: $$\boxed{\frac{1}{4}}$$
20. **Problem:** $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(4,3), x \neq y + 1} \frac{\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{y + 1}}{x - y - 1}$$
Step 1: At $(4,3)$ numerator:
$$\sqrt{4} - \sqrt{3 + 1} = 2 - 2 = 0$$
Denominator:
$$4 - 3 - 1 = 0$$
Indeterminate form.
Step 2: Multiply numerator and denominator by conjugate:
$$\frac{\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{y + 1}}{x - y - 1} \times \frac{\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{y + 1}}{\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{y + 1}} = \frac{x - (y+1)}{(x - y - 1)(\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{y + 1})} = \frac{x - y - 1}{(x - y - 1)(\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{y + 1})}$$
Step 3: Cancel $(x - y - 1)$:
$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{y + 1}}$$
Step 4: Substitute $(4,3)$:
$$\frac{1}{2 + 2} = \frac{1}{4}$$
Answer: $$\boxed{\frac{1}{4}}$$
21. **Problem:** $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(0,0)} \frac{\sin (x^2 + y^2)}{x^2 + y^2}$$
Step 1: Let $r^2 = x^2 + y^2$, as $(x,y)\to(0,0)$, $r \to 0$.
Step 2: Use single variable limit:
$$\lim\limits_{r\to 0} \frac{\sin r^2}{r^2} = 1$$
Answer: $$\boxed{1}$$
22. **Problem:** $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(0,0)} \frac{1 - \cos(xy)}{xy}$$
Step 1: Let $t = xy$; as $(x,y)\to(0,0)$, $t \to 0$.
Step 2: Use Taylor approximation:
$$1 - \cos t \approx \frac{t^2}{2}$$
Step 3: Substitute:
$$\frac{1 - \cos t}{t} \approx \frac{t^2 / 2}{t} = \frac{t}{2} \to 0$$
Answer: $$\boxed{0}$$
23. **Problem:** $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(1,-1)} \frac{x^3 + y^3}{x + y}$$
Step 1: Factor numerator using sum of cubes:
$$x^3 + y^3 = (x + y)(x^2 - xy + y^2)$$
Step 2: Simplify expression:
$$\frac{(x + y)(x^2 - xy + y^2)}{x + y} = x^2 - xy + y^2$$
Step 3: Substitute $x=1$, $y=-1$:
$$1^2 - 1 \times (-1) + (-1)^2 = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3$$
Answer: $$\boxed{3}$$
24. **Problem:** $$\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(2,2)} \frac{x - y}{x^4 - y^4}$$
Step 1: Factor denominator as difference of fourth powers:
$$x^4 - y^4 = (x - y)(x + y)(x^2 + y^2)$$
Step 2: Simplify fraction:
$$\frac{x - y}{(x - y)(x + y)(x^2 + y^2)} = \frac{1}{(x + y)(x^2 + y^2)}$$
Step 3: Substitute $(2,2)$:
$$\frac{1}{(2 + 2)(2^2 + 2^2)} = \frac{1}{4 \times (4 + 4)} = \frac{1}{4 \times 8} = \frac{1}{32}$$
Answer: $$\boxed{\frac{1}{32}}$$
25. **Problem:** $$\lim\limits_{(x,y,z) \to (1,3,4)} \left( \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + \frac{1}{z} \right)$$
Step 1: Substitute $x=1$, $y=3$, $z=4$.
Step 2: Compute sum:
$$1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} = 1 + 0.3333 + 0.25 = 1.5833... = \frac{19}{12}$$
Answer: $$\boxed{\frac{19}{12}}$$