Laplace Transform 50174F
1. **Problem Statement:** Find the Laplace Transform of the function $$f(t) = t^3 \cos t$$.
2. **Recall the Laplace Transform formula:** The Laplace Transform of $$t^n \cos(at)$$ is given by
$$\mathcal{L}\{t^n \cos(at)\} = \frac{d^n}{ds^n} \left( \frac{s}{s^2 + a^2} \right) \cdot (-1)^n$$
where $$n$$ is a non-negative integer.
3. **Apply the formula for $$n=3$$ and $$a=1$$:**
We want
$$\mathcal{L}\{t^3 \cos t\} = (-1)^3 \frac{d^3}{ds^3} \left( \frac{s}{s^2 + 1} \right) = - \frac{d^3}{ds^3} \left( \frac{s}{s^2 + 1} \right)$$
4. **Compute the first derivative:**
Let $$F(s) = \frac{s}{s^2 + 1}$$.
Using quotient rule:
$$F'(s) = \frac{(1)(s^2 + 1) - s(2s)}{(s^2 + 1)^2} = \frac{s^2 + 1 - 2s^2}{(s^2 + 1)^2} = \frac{1 - s^2}{(s^2 + 1)^2}$$
5. **Compute the second derivative:**
$$F''(s) = \frac{d}{ds} \left( \frac{1 - s^2}{(s^2 + 1)^2} \right)$$
Using quotient rule again:
Numerator derivative:
$$-2s (s^2 + 1)^2 - (1 - s^2) \cdot 2 (s^2 + 1) \cdot 2s = -2s (s^2 + 1)^2 - 4s (1 - s^2)(s^2 + 1)$$
Denominator:
$$(s^2 + 1)^4$$
Simplify numerator:
$$-2s (s^2 + 1)^2 - 4s (1 - s^2)(s^2 + 1) = -2s (s^2 + 1) [ (s^2 + 1) + 2(1 - s^2) ]$$
Inside bracket:
$$(s^2 + 1) + 2 - 2s^2 = s^2 + 1 + 2 - 2s^2 = 3 - s^2$$
So numerator:
$$-2s (s^2 + 1)(3 - s^2)$$
Therefore,
$$F''(s) = \frac{-2s (s^2 + 1)(3 - s^2)}{(s^2 + 1)^4} = \frac{-2s (3 - s^2)}{(s^2 + 1)^3}$$
6. **Compute the third derivative:**
$$F'''(s) = \frac{d}{ds} \left( \frac{-2s (3 - s^2)}{(s^2 + 1)^3} \right)$$
Rewrite numerator:
$$-2s (3 - s^2) = -6s + 2s^3$$
Using quotient rule:
Numerator derivative:
$$(-6 + 6s^2)(s^2 + 1)^3 - (-6s + 2s^3) \cdot 3 (s^2 + 1)^2 \cdot 2s$$
Denominator:
$$(s^2 + 1)^6$$
Simplify numerator stepwise:
First term:
$$(-6 + 6s^2)(s^2 + 1)^3$$
Second term:
$$- (-6s + 2s^3) \cdot 6s (s^2 + 1)^2 = (6s - 2s^3) 6s (s^2 + 1)^2 = (36s^2 - 12 s^4)(s^2 + 1)^2$$
So numerator:
$$(-6 + 6s^2)(s^2 + 1)^3 + (36 s^2 - 12 s^4)(s^2 + 1)^2$$
Factor out $$(s^2 + 1)^2$$:
$$ (s^2 + 1)^2 [(-6 + 6s^2)(s^2 + 1) + 36 s^2 - 12 s^4]$$
Expand inside bracket:
$$(-6 + 6s^2)(s^2 + 1) = -6 s^2 - 6 + 6 s^4 + 6 s^2 = 6 s^4 - 6$$
Add remaining terms:
$$6 s^4 - 6 + 36 s^2 - 12 s^4 = (6 s^4 - 12 s^4) + 36 s^2 - 6 = -6 s^4 + 36 s^2 - 6$$
Therefore numerator:
$$(s^2 + 1)^2 (-6 s^4 + 36 s^2 - 6)$$
7. **Final expression for $$F'''(s)$$:**
$$F'''(s) = \frac{(s^2 + 1)^2 (-6 s^4 + 36 s^2 - 6)}{(s^2 + 1)^6} = \frac{-6 s^4 + 36 s^2 - 6}{(s^2 + 1)^4}$$
8. **Recall the Laplace Transform:**
$$\mathcal{L}\{t^3 \cos t\} = - F'''(s) = - \frac{-6 s^4 + 36 s^2 - 6}{(s^2 + 1)^4} = \frac{6 s^4 - 36 s^2 + 6}{(s^2 + 1)^4}$$
**Final answer:**
$$\boxed{\mathcal{L}\{t^3 \cos t\} = \frac{6 s^4 - 36 s^2 + 6}{(s^2 + 1)^4}}$$
This matches the given expression, confirming the correctness.