Integral Substitution Db3F18
1. **State the problem:** We want to evaluate the integral $$\int x^2 \sqrt{x+1} \, dx$$ using substitution.
2. **Choose substitution:** Let $$u = x + 1$$. Then, $$du = dx$$ and $$x = u - 1$$.
3. **Rewrite the integral:** Substitute $$x$$ and $$dx$$ in terms of $$u$$:
$$\int x^2 \sqrt{x+1} \, dx = \int (u - 1)^2 \sqrt{u} \, du$$
4. **Expand and simplify:**
$$(u - 1)^2 = u^2 - 2u + 1$$
So the integral becomes:
$$\int (u^2 - 2u + 1) u^{1/2} \, du = \int (u^{2} u^{1/2} - 2u u^{1/2} + 1 \cdot u^{1/2}) \, du$$
$$= \int (u^{5/2} - 2u^{3/2} + u^{1/2}) \, du$$
5. **Integrate term-by-term:**
Use the power rule $$\int u^n du = \frac{u^{n+1}}{n+1} + C$$:
$$\int u^{5/2} du = \frac{u^{7/2}}{7/2} = \frac{2}{7} u^{7/2}$$
$$\int u^{3/2} du = \frac{u^{5/2}}{5/2} = \frac{2}{5} u^{5/2}$$
$$\int u^{1/2} du = \frac{u^{3/2}}{3/2} = \frac{2}{3} u^{3/2}$$
6. **Combine results:**
$$\int (u^{5/2} - 2u^{3/2} + u^{1/2}) du = \frac{2}{7} u^{7/2} - 2 \cdot \frac{2}{5} u^{5/2} + \frac{2}{3} u^{3/2} + C$$
$$= \frac{2}{7} u^{7/2} - \frac{4}{5} u^{5/2} + \frac{2}{3} u^{3/2} + C$$
7. **Back-substitute $$u = x + 1$$:**
$$\boxed{\frac{2}{7} (x+1)^{7/2} - \frac{4}{5} (x+1)^{5/2} + \frac{2}{3} (x+1)^{3/2} + C}$$
This is the evaluated integral using substitution.