Integral Substitution B4Eb5B
1. **State the problem:** Evaluate the indefinite integral $$\int x \sqrt{8 - x^2} \, dx$$.
2. **Recall the formula and substitution method:** When integrating expressions involving $x$ and $\sqrt{a - x^2}$, a common approach is to use substitution. Here, let $$u = 8 - x^2$$.
3. **Compute the differential:** Differentiating $u$ with respect to $x$ gives $$\frac{du}{dx} = -2x \implies du = -2x \, dx \implies x \, dx = -\frac{1}{2} du$$.
4. **Rewrite the integral in terms of $u$:** Substitute $x \, dx$ and $\sqrt{8 - x^2}$:
$$\int x \sqrt{8 - x^2} \, dx = \int \sqrt{u} \left(-\frac{1}{2} du\right) = -\frac{1}{2} \int u^{1/2} \, du$$.
5. **Integrate with respect to $u$:** Use the power rule for integration:
$$\int u^{1/2} \, du = \frac{u^{3/2}}{\frac{3}{2}} = \frac{2}{3} u^{3/2}$$.
6. **Substitute back to $x$:**
$$-\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{2}{3} u^{3/2} + C = -\frac{1}{3} (8 - x^2)^{3/2} + C$$.
7. **Final answer:**
$$\int x \sqrt{8 - x^2} \, dx = -\frac{1}{3} (8 - x^2)^{3/2} + C$$.
This completes the evaluation of the integral using substitution and the power rule.