Antiderivative Trig
1. The problem is to find the antiderivatives (indefinite integrals) of certain trigonometric-related functions.
2. The formulas for these antiderivatives are:
$$\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}} = \sin^{-1} x + C$$
$$\int \frac{-dx}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}} = \cos^{-1} x + C$$
$$\int \frac{dx}{1 + x^2} = \tan^{-1} x + C$$
Note: The third integral in the user's message has a typo; it should be $\int \frac{dx}{1 + x^2}$ for $\tan^{-1} x$, not $1 - x^2$.
3. Explanation:
- The integral of $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}$ corresponds to the inverse sine function because the derivative of $\sin^{-1} x$ is $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}$.
- Similarly, the integral of $\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}$ corresponds to the inverse cosine function.
- The integral of $\frac{1}{1 + x^2}$ corresponds to the inverse tangent function.
4. These integrals are fundamental in calculus and are used to find antiderivatives involving inverse trigonometric functions.
5. Final answers:
$$\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}} = \sin^{-1} x + C$$
$$\int \frac{-dx}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}} = \cos^{-1} x + C$$
$$\int \frac{dx}{1 + x^2} = \tan^{-1} x + C$$