1. The problem asks: Given an organism with 23 pairs of chromosomes in each diploid cell, how many different gametes can it produce by chromosome assortment? 2. The formula to calculate the number of different gametes produced by independent assortment is: $$\text{Number of gametes} = 2^n$$ where $n$ is the number of chromosome pairs. 3. This formula works because each chromosome pair can assort independently into two possible forms in a gamete (one chromosome or the other), so for $n$ pairs, the total combinations multiply as powers of 2. 4. For humans, $n = 23$ pairs of chromosomes. 5. Substitute $n=23$ into the formula: $$2^{23} = 8,388,608$$ 6. Therefore, the number of different gametes possible by chromosome assortment is $8,388,608$. This means a human can produce over eight million genetically distinct gametes just by the independent assortment of chromosomes.