1. **Problem:** Find the value of $32 \equiv \, ? \pmod{12}$. 2. **Formula:** To find $a \equiv r \pmod{m}$, compute the remainder $r$ when $a$ is divided by $m$. 3. **Calculation:** Divide 32 by 12: $$32 \div 12 = 2 \text{ remainder } 8$$ So, $$32 \equiv 8 \pmod{12}$$ 4. **Answer:** The correct choice is c. 8.