Logarithm Simplify Expressions
1. **Evaluate** $\log_9 27$:
Recall $\log_a b = c$ means $a^c = b$.
We rewrite bases:
$9 = 3^2$, $27 = 3^3$.
So $\log_9 27 = x$ means $(3^2)^x = 3^3$.
This simplifies to $3^{2x} = 3^3$, so $2x = 3$ and $x = \frac{3}{2}$.
2. **Simplify** $\frac{5^{18}}{5^{13}}$:
Use the rule $\frac{a^m}{a^n} = a^{m-n}$.
So $5^{18 - 13} = 5^5$.
3. **Calculate** $\log_5 0.25$:
Recall $0.25 = \frac{1}{4} = 4^{-1}$ and $4 = 2^2$.
Express 0.25 as power of 5:
$0.25 = \frac{1}{4}$, harder with 5 directly, use common logs or rewrite 0.25 as $5^{-y}$:
Because $\log_5 0.25 = y$, means $5^y = 0.25$.
We know $0.25 = \frac{1}{4}$, so rewrite $4$ as $5^{\log_5 4}$.
Alternatively, note $0.25 = \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{2^2}$.
Since 5 and 2 have no simple relation, use decimal approximation:
$\log_5 0.25 = \frac{\log 0.25}{\log 5} \approx \frac{-0.60206}{0.69897} \approx -0.861$.
4. **Simplify** $2x^{-2} \times 5x$:
Rewrite powers:
$2x^{-2} \times 5x = 2 \times 5 \times x^{-2} \times x^1 = 10 x^{(-2 + 1)} = 10 x^{-1} = \frac{10}{x}$.
5. **Simplify** $0.8^{\frac{2}{3}}$:
Rewrite 0.8 as fraction: $0.8 = \frac{4}{5}$.
So, $\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^{\frac{2}{3}} = \left(\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)^2$.
That means cube root of $\frac{4}{5}$, squared.
6. **Simplify** $\sqrt{1 - \frac{9}{16}}$:
Calculate inside the root:
$1 - \frac{9}{16} = \frac{16}{16} - \frac{9}{16} = \frac{7}{16}$.
So $\sqrt{\frac{7}{16}} = \frac{\sqrt{7}}{4}$.
**Final answers:**
1. $\log_9 27 = \frac{3}{2}$
2. $\frac{5^{18}}{5^{13}} = 5^5$
3. $\log_5 0.25 \approx -0.861$
4. $2x^{-2} \times 5x = \frac{10}{x}$
5. $0.8^{\frac{2}{3}} = \left(\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)^2$
6. $\sqrt{1 - \frac{9}{16}} = \frac{\sqrt{7}}{4}$