Logarithm Equation F5009C
1. **State the problem:** We need to find all values of $x$ such that $$f(x) = \log_2 x + \log_2 (x - 2) = 3.$$
2. **Recall the logarithm property:** The sum of logarithms with the same base can be combined as the logarithm of the product:
$$\log_2 a + \log_2 b = \log_2 (a \times b).$$
3. **Apply the property:**
$$f(x) = \log_2 (x (x - 2)) = 3.$$
4. **Rewrite the equation in exponential form:**
Since $\log_2 y = 3$ means $y = 2^3$, we have
$$x (x - 2) = 2^3 = 8.$$
5. **Form a quadratic equation:**
$$x^2 - 2x = 8.$$
6. **Bring all terms to one side:**
$$x^2 - 2x - 8 = 0.$$
7. **Solve the quadratic equation:**
Using the quadratic formula $x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}$ with $a=1$, $b=-2$, $c=-8$:
$$x = \frac{2 \pm \sqrt{(-2)^2 - 4 \times 1 \times (-8)}}{2} = \frac{2 \pm \sqrt{4 + 32}}{2} = \frac{2 \pm \sqrt{36}}{2} = \frac{2 \pm 6}{2}.$$
8. **Calculate the roots:**
- $x = \frac{2 + 6}{2} = \frac{8}{2} = 4$
- $x = \frac{2 - 6}{2} = \frac{-4}{2} = -2$
9. **Check domain restrictions:**
The arguments of the logarithms must be positive:
- $x > 0$
- $x - 2 > 0 \Rightarrow x > 2$
Only $x=4$ satisfies both conditions. $x=-2$ is invalid because $\log_2(-2)$ is undefined.
**Final answer:** $x = 4$ only.